高处的果子 Fruits hanging high

我们现在面临很多可以减少温室气体排放的方法，不论是碳平衡层级（carbon neutral hierarchy）的哪个尺度，达到碳平衡都应该走两条路，如前所述：一是通过改变现有的碳排放方式，一是抵消经过努力后仍然存在的那部分排放。

总结起来如下：
路透社的这篇报道指出，提高能效无疑有巨大的潜力，也比较容易看到效果，尤其是在中国这样的发展中大国；本身的基础较差起点较低，能效提高空间很大。不过同时，也有研究人员也举了个例子：‘触手可及的果子固然吸引人，但是我们仍然不要忘记高处还有更多更好的’。提醒我们如何保持现有的势头并找寻其它更有效的减排方式。

这种看法当然是对的，分析问题固然要从正反两方面看。

UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - Squeezing more productivity out of the energy that industries, homes and vehicles burn is the most economical way to stifle rising energy demand and control output of planet-warming gases, according to a new report from the McKinsey Global Institute.

For decades, many countries have mostly invested in finding more supplies of oil, gas and coal to meet the rising energy needs of growing populations, but as energy costs and global warming concerns rise, interest in investing in ways to slow energy demand is beginning to take hold.

"We've identified huge opportunities to reduce energy demand and carbon emissions through improved efficiency," Diana Farrell, the director of the MGI, said in an interview.

Slowing global energy waste at industries like pulp and paper, oil refining and steel, homes and cars could more than halve global energy demand growth from current levels of 2.2 percent a year, according to the report, "The Case for Investing in Energy Productivity," released by the MGI on Thursday at a United Nations Investor Summit on Climate Risk.

Initial global investments would total about $170 billion per year. But they would pay for themselves through energy savings, with an average internal return rate of 17 percent, the report said.

Industries would need to invest about $83 billion per year, homes would need to invest about $40 billion and transport and commercial sectors will need to invest $25 billion and $22 billion a year, respectively.

Less burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas as a result of the efficiencies would cut greenhouse gas output, the report said.

Getting companies to change their energy habits, however, is no easy task.

"The vast majority of global executives say fixing global warming problems can boost profits," said Farrell. "But few are acting on the opportunities."

John Holdren, a climate expert at Harvard University, told investors efficiencies can be helpful in slowing global warming, but that much more needs to be done, such as developing new fuels and methods to bury carbon emissions, to stop catastrophic consequences such as flooding from rising seas.

"The low-hanging fruit is wonderful, but we need to reach higher still," he said.

来源Source 路透社 Reuters